Climatic and tectonic effects on the origin and evolution of the Dereiçi travertines (the Başkale Basin, Eastern Türkiye), and neotectonic implications

The Başkale Basin is located in the easternmost part of Türkiye, within a tectonically active area, and at intersection Europe, Asia Middle East. In this study, Dereiçi travertines, one most important products neotectonism basin, were investigated sedimentologically, mineralogically geochemically. To understand neotectonic evolution travertine succession, sequence was studied from bottom to top as regards morphology, lithofacies U/Th dates. Crystalline crust, coated gas bubbles, shrub, paper-thin raft palaeosol have been detected which are morphologically layer type, two ridge types terrace type. travertines commenced precipitate Işıklı Ilıcak faults 255.56 ±9.01 ka, their deposition continues today. Travertine paused twice between 198.31 ±18–143.07 ±1.5 ka 96.73 ±8.34–61.59 ±5.4 when development took place. According field laboratory studies, developed under climate tectonic control. played roles travertines. As ages linked movement on both faults, age Fault should be or earlier, that 143.07 earlier.